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- Feb 03, 2021
- Say goodbye to the dots and dashes to enhance optical storage media
- A new technology is aimed at modernizing the optical digital storage technology. This advancement allows for more data to be stored and for that data to be read at a quicker rate. Rather than using the traditional dots and dashes as commonly used in these technologies, the innovators encode information in the angular position of tiny antennas, allowing them to store more data per unit area.
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- Feb 03, 2021
- Researchers create novel photonic chip
- Researchers have developed and demonstrated for the first time a photonic digital to analog converter without leaving the optical domain. Such novel converters can advance next-generation data processing hardware with high relevance for data centers, 6G networks, artificial intelligence and more.
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- Feb 02, 2021
- Solving complex physics problems at lightning speed
- A calculation so complex that it takes twenty years to complete on a powerful desktop computer can now be done in one hour on a regular laptop. Physicists have now designed a new method to calculate the properties of atomic nuclei incredibly quickly.
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- Feb 01, 2021
- 'Liquid' machine-learning system adapts to changing conditions
- Researchers developed a neural network that learns on the job, not just during training. The 'liquid' network varies its equations' parameters, enhancing its ability to analyze time series data. The advance could boost autonomous driving, medical diagnosis, and more.
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- Feb 01, 2021
- How the brain is programmed for computer programming?
- Expert computer programmers show higher proficiency in certain behavioral and attention skills than their novice peers. To identify the responsible brain regions, scientists used fMRI to analyze the brain activities of 30 programmers of different skill level, finding that seven regions of the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices in expert programmers' brains are fine-tuned for programming. The findings could provide better methods and tools for everyone to learn programming.
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- Feb 01, 2021
- Photonics for artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing
- Scientists have given a fascinating new insight into the next steps to develop fast, energy-efficient, future computing systems that use light instead of electrons to process and store information - incorporating hardware inspired directly by the functioning of the human brain.
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- Jan 30, 2021
- A NEAT reduction of complex neuronal models accelerates brain research
- Unlike their simple counterparts in artificial intelligence (AI) applications, neurons in the brain use dendrites - their intricate tree-like branches - to find relevant chunks of information. Now, neuroscientists have discovered a new computational method to make complex dendrite models much simpler. These faithful reductions may lead AI applications to process information much like the brain does.
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- Jan 28, 2021
- Mira's last journey: Exploring the dark universe
- Scientists used a supercomputer to perform one of the five largest cosmological simulations ever -- the Last Journey. This simulation will provide crucial data for sky maps to aid leading cosmological experiments.
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- Jan 27, 2021
- Simulating 800,000 years of California earthquake history to pinpoint risks
- A new study presents a prototype Rate-State earthquake simulator that simulates hundreds of thousands of years of seismic history in California. Coupled with another code, the framework can calculate the amount of shaking that would occur for each quake. The new approach improves the ability to pinpoint how big an earthquake might occur in a given location, allowing building code developers and structural engineers to design more resilient buildings that can survive earthquakes.
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- Jan 25, 2021
- Electrons caught in the act
- Scientists create movies of the ultrafast motion of electrons traveling through an organic semiconductor with atomic-level resolution. This work may lead to more powerful and miniaturized smart devices.
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- Jan 25, 2021
- AI trained to read electric vehicle charging station reviews to find infrastructure gaps
- Although electric vehicles that reduce greenhouse gas emissions attract many drivers, the lack of confidence in charging services deters others. Building a reliable network of charging stations is difficult in part because it's challenging to aggregate data from independent station operators. But now, researchers have developed an AI that can analyze user reviews of these stations, allowing it to accurately identify places where there are insufficient or out-of-service stations.
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- Jan 22, 2021
- Designing customized 'brains' for robots
- Researchers have developed an automated way to design customized hardware that speeds up a robot's operation. The system, called robomorphic computing, accounts for the robot's physical layout in suggesting an optimized hardware architecture.
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- Jan 20, 2021
- One-dimensional quantum nanowires fertile ground for Majorana zero modes
- One-dimensional quantum 'nanowires' - which have length, but no width or height - provide a unique environment for the formation and detection of a quasiparticle known as a Majorana zero mode, which are their own antimatter particle. A new advance in detection of these exotic quasiparticles has potential applications in fault-resistant topological quantum computers, and topological superconductivity.
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- Jan 20, 2021
- How to train a robot (using AI and supercomputers)
- Computer scientists developed a deep learning method to create realistic objects for virtual environments that can be used to train robots. The researchers used TACC's Maverick2 supercomputer to train the generative adversarial network. The network is the first that can produce colored point clouds with fine details at multiple resolutions.
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- Jan 18, 2021
- Artificial intelligence puts focus on the life of insects
- Scientists are combining artificial intelligence and advanced computer technology with biological know how to identify insects with supernatural speed. This opens up new possibilities for describing unknown species and for tracking the life of insects across space and time.
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- Jan 12, 2021
- Engineers create hybrid chips with processors and memory to run AI on battery-powered devices
- Transactions between processors and memory can consume 95 percent of the energy needed to do machine learning and AI, which severely limits battery life. A team of engineers has designed a system that can run AI tasks faster, and with less energy, by harnessing eight hybrid chips, each with its own data processor built right next to its own memory storage.
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- Jan 12, 2021
- Electrically switchable qubit can tune between storage and fast calculation modes
- To perform calculations, quantum computers need qubits to act as elementary building blocks that process and store information. Now, physicists have produced a new type of qubit that can be switched from a stable idle mode to a fast calculation mode. The concept would also allow a large number of qubits to be combined into a powerful quantum computer.
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- Jan 12, 2021
- Computer scientists: We wouldn't be able to control super intelligent machines
- We are fascinated by machines that can control cars, compose symphonies, or defeat people at chess, Go, or Jeopardy! While more progress is being made all the time in Artificial Intelligence (AI), some scientists and philosophers warn of the dangers of an uncontrollable superintelligent AI. Using theoretical calculations, an international team of researchers shows that it would likely not be possible to control a superintelligent AI.
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- Jan 12, 2021
- Using light to revolutionize artificial intelligence
- An international team of researchers, including Professor Roberto Morandotti of the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), just introduced a new photonic processor that could revolutionize artificial intelligence, as reported by the prestigious journal Nature.
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- Jan 08, 2021
- World's fastest optical neuromorphic processor
- A Swinburne-led team has demonstrated the world's fastest and most powerful optical neuromorphic processor for artificial intelligence. The neuromorphic processor operates faster than 10 trillion operations per second and is capable of processing ultra-large scale data.
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- Jan 07, 2021
- Light-carrying chips advance machine learning
- Researchers found that so-called photonic processors, with which data is processed by means of light, can process information very much more rapidly and in parallel than electronic chips.
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- Jan 07, 2021
- Physicists observe competition between magnetic orders
- Two-dimensional materials, consisting of a single layer of atoms, have been booming in research for years. They possess novel properties that can only be explained with the help of the laws of quantum mechanics. Researchers have now used ultracold atoms to gain new insights into previously unknown quantum phenomena. They found out that the magnetic orders between two coupled thin films of atoms compete with each other.
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- Jan 06, 2021
- Advanced materials in a snap
- A research team has successfully used machine learning -- computer algorithms that improve themselves by learning patterns in data -- to complete cumbersome materials science calculations more than 40,000 times faster than normal.
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- Dec 31, 2020
- A pursuit of better testing to sort out the complexities of ADHD
- The introduction of computer simulation to the identification of symptoms in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has potential to provide an additional objective tool to gauge the presence and severity of behavioral problems, researchers suggest.
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- Dec 29, 2020
- Important milestone in the creation of a quantum computer
- One of the obstacles for progress in the quest for a working quantum computer has been that the working devices that go into a quantum computer and perform the actual calculations, the qubits, have hitherto been made by universities and in small numbers. But in recent years, a pan-European collaboration has been exploring everyday transistors -- that are present in billions in all our mobile phones -- for their use as qubits.
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- Dec 23, 2020
- High-five or thumbs-up? New device detects which hand gesture you want to make
- A new device developed by engineers can recognize hand gestures based on electrical signals detected in the forearm. The system, which couples wearable biosensors with artificial intelligence (AI), could one day be used to control prosthetics or to interact with almost any type of electronic device.
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- Dec 23, 2020
- Chemists synthesize 'flat' silicon compounds
- Chemists have synthesized extremely unusual compounds. Their central building block is a silicon atom. Different from usual, however, is the arrangement of the four bonding partners of the atom, which are not in the form of a tetrahedron around it, but flat like a trapezoid. This arrangement is usually energetically extremely unfavorable, yet the molecules are very stable.
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- Dec 22, 2020
- Big step with small whirls
- Skyrmions are small magnetic objects that could revolutionize the data storage industry and also enable new computer architectures. However, there are a number of challenges that need to be overcome. A team of researchers has succeeded for the first time in producing a tunable multilayer system in which two different types of skyrmions - the future bits for '0' and '1' - can exist at room temperature.
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- Dec 22, 2020
- Tiny quantum computer solves real optimization problem
- Quantum computers have already managed to surpass ordinary computers in solving certain tasks - unfortunately, totally useless ones. The next milestone is to get them to do useful things. Researchers have now shown that they can solve a small part of a real logistics problem with their small, but well-functioning quantum computer.
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- Dec 22, 2020
- Scientists create entangled photons 100 times more efficiently than previously possible
- Super-fast quantum computers and communication devices could revolutionize countless aspects of our lives -- but first, researchers need a fast, efficient source of the entangled pairs of photons such systems use to transmit and manipulate information. Researchers have done just that, not only creating a chip-based photon source 100 times more efficient that previously possible, but bringing massive quantum device integration within reach.
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- Dec 22, 2020
- Artificial Intelligence that can run a simulation faithful to physical laws
- Researchers have successfully developed technology to simulate phenomena for which the detailed mechanism or formula are unexplained. They did this by using AI to create a model, which is faithful to the laws of physics, from observational data. This technology will hopefully enable these kinds of phenomena (e.g. wave motion and fracture mechanics) to be more accurately predicted by computer simulations.
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- Dec 18, 2020
- Longest intergalactic gas filament discovered
- Astrophysicists have for the first time observed a gas filament with a length of 50 million light years. Its structure is strikingly similar to the predictions of computer simulations. The observation therefore also confirms our ideas about the origin and evolution of our universe.
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- Dec 17, 2020
- 'Chaotic' way to create insectlike gaits for robots
- Researchers are embracing chaos and nonlinear physics to create insectlike gaits for tiny robots -- complete with a locomotion controller to provide a brain-machine interface. Biology and physics are permeated by universal phenomena fundamentally grounded in nonlinear physics, and it inspired the researchers' work. The group now describes using a system of three nonlinear differential equations as a building block for central pattern generators to control the gait of a robotic insect.
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- Dec 16, 2020
- 'Earable' computing: A new research area in the making
- A research group is defining a new sub-area of mobile technology that they call 'earable computing.' The team believes that earphones will be the next significant milestone in wearable devices, and that new hardware, software, and apps will all run on this platform.
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- Dec 16, 2020
- Possibilities of new one-atom-thick materials
- New 2D materials have the potential to transform technologies, but they're expensive and difficult to synthesize. Researchers used computer modeling to predict the properties of 2D materials that haven't yet been made in real life. These highly-accurate predictions show the possibility of materials whose properties could be 'tuned' to make them more efficient than existing materials in particular applications. A separate paper demonstrated a way to integrate these materials into real electronic devices.
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- Dec 16, 2020
- To the brain, reading computer code is not the same as reading language
- Neuroscientists have found reading computer code does not rely on the regions of the brain involved in language processing. Instead, it activates the 'multiple demand network,' which is also recruited for complex cognitive tasks such as solving math problems or crossword puzzles.
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- Dec 16, 2020
- Accurate neural network computer vision without the 'black box'
- New research offers clues to what goes on inside the minds of machines as they learn to see. Instead of attempting to account for a neural network's decision-making on a post hoc basis, their method shows how the network learns along the way, by revealing how much the network calls to mind different concepts to help decipher what it sees as the image travels through successive layers.
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- Dec 12, 2020
- 'The robot made me do it': Robots encourage risk-taking behavior in people
- New research has shown robots can encourage humans to take greater risks in a simulated gambling scenario than they would if there was nothing to influence their behaviors. Increasing our understanding of whether robots can affect risk-taking could have clear ethical, practical and policy implications, which this study set out to explore.
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- Dec 08, 2020
- The ever-elusive riddle: What's the best way to cut Christmas cookies?
- At some point in life, most people have stood over a rolled-out slab of cookie dough and pondered just how to best cut out cookies with as little waste as possible. Now, even math experts have given up on finding a computer algorithm to answer this type of geometric problem.
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- Dec 08, 2020
- Self-learning algorithms for different imaging datasets
- AI-based evaluation of medical imaging data usually requires a specially developed algorithm for each task. Scientists have now presented a new method for configuring self-learning algorithms for a large number of different imaging datasets - without the need for specialist knowledge or very significant computing power.
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- Dec 08, 2020
- Split wave: Component for neuromorphic computer
- Neural networks are some of the most important tools in AI. So far, they run on traditional processors in the form of adaptive software, but experts are working on an alternative concept, the 'neuromorphic computer'. In this case, neurons are not simulated by software but reconstructed in hardware components. A team of researchers has now demonstrated a new approach to such hardware - targeted magnetic waves that are generated and divided in micrometer-sized wafers.
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- Dec 06, 2020
- Protein storytelling to address the pandemic
- Computer molecular physics has contributed to the understanding of protein behavior by creating 3D models of molecular machines and setting them in motion. Researchers at Stony Brook University are using the Frontera supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center to make structure predictions for 19 proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 virus about which little is known. Their team uses a method they developed, called MELD, that accelerates the structure prediction process by orders of magnitude.
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- Dec 02, 2020
- Next step in simulating the universe
- Researchers have developed a way to accurately represent the behavior of elementary particles called neutrinos in computer simulations of the Universe. The simulation results reveal the effects of neutrinos on the formation and growth of galaxies for different values of the uncertain neutrino mass. The work marks a milestone in simulating the Universe and could help determine the neutrino mass.
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- Dec 02, 2020
- Shrinking massive neural networks used to model language
- Deep learning neural networks can be massive, demanding major computing power. In a test of the 'lottery ticket hypothesis,' researchers have found leaner, more efficient subnetworks hidden within BERT models. The discovery could make natural language processing more accessible.
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- Dec 01, 2020
- Lower current leads to highly efficient memory
- Researchers are a step closer to realizing a new kind of memory that works according to the principles of spintronics which is analogous to, but different from, electronics. Their unique gallium arsenide-based ferromagnetic semiconductor can act as memory by quickly switching its magnetic state in the presence of an induced current at low power. Previously, such current-induced magnetization switching was unstable and drew a lot of power, but this new material both suppresses the instability and lowers the power consumption too.
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- Dec 01, 2020
- Computer-aided creativity in robot design
- RoboGrammar is a new system that automates and optimizes robot design. The system creates arthropod-inspired robots for traversing a variety of terrains. It could spawn more inventive robot forms with enhanced functionality.
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- Dec 01, 2020
- AI model uses retinal scans to predict Alzheimer's disease
- A form of artificial intelligence designed to interpret a combination of retinal images was able to successfully identify a group of patients who were known to have Alzheimer's disease, suggesting the approach could one day be used as a predictive tool, according to an interdisciplinary study.
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- Nov 27, 2020
- Measuring risk-taking - by watching people move computer mouses
- How you move a computer mouse while deciding whether to click on a risky bet or a safe choice may reveal how much of a risk-taker you really are. Researchers found that people whose mouse drifted toward the safe option on the computer screen - even when they ended up taking the risky bet - may be more risk-averse than their choice would indicate.
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- Nov 27, 2020
- AI system discovers useful new material
- When the words 'artificial intelligence' (AI) come to mind, your first thoughts may be of super-smart computers, or robots that perform tasks without needing any help from humans. Now, a multi-institutional team has accomplished something not too far off: They developed an AI algorithm called CAMEO that discovered a potentially useful new material without requiring additional training from scientists.
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- Nov 24, 2020
- World's smallest atom-memory unit created
- Faster, smaller, smarter and more energy-efficient chips for everything from consumer electronics to big data to brain-inspired computing could soon be on the way after engineers created the smallest memory device yet.
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- Nov 21, 2020
- Meeting a 100-year-old challenge could lead the way to digital aromas
- Fragrances - promising mystery, intrigue and forbidden thrills - are blended by master perfumers, their recipes kept secret. In a new study on the sense of smell, researchers have managed to strip much of the mystery from even complex blends of odorants, not by uncovering their secret ingredients, but by recording and mapping how they are perceived. The scientists can now predict how any complex odorant will smell from its molecular structure alone. This study may not only revolutionize the closed world of perfumery, but eventually lead to the ability to digitize and reproduce smells on command. The proposed framework for odors was created by neurobiologists, computer scientists, and a master-perfumer.
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- Nov 21, 2020
- A neural network learns when it should not be trusted
- Researchers have developed a way for deep learning neural networks to rapidly estimate confidence levels in their output. The advance could enhance safety and efficiency in AI-assisted decision making, with applications ranging from medical diagnosis to autonomous driving.
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- Nov 20, 2020
- New test reveals AI still lacks common sense
- Natural language processing (NLP) has taken great strides recently -- but how much does AI understand of what it reads? Less than we thought, it seems. Despite advances, AI still doesn't have the common sense needed to generate plausible sentences.
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- Nov 20, 2020
- For neural research, wireless chip shines light on the brain
- Researchers have developed a chip that is powered wirelessly and can be surgically implanted to read neural signals and stimulate the brain with both light and electrical current. The technology has been demonstrated successfully in rats and is designed for use as a research tool.
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- Nov 20, 2020
- Three reasons why COVID-19 can cause silent hypoxia
- To crack the mystery of what causes silent hypoxia, a condition when oxygen levels in the body are abnormally low, biomedical engineers used computer modeling to test out three different scenarios that help explain how and why the lungs stop providing oxygen to the bloodstream.
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- Nov 20, 2020
- Showing robots how to drive a car...in just a few easy lessons
- Researchers have designed a system that lets robots autonomously learn complicated tasks from a very small number of demonstrations -- even imperfect ones. While current state-of-art methods need at least 100 demonstrations to nail a specific task, this new method allows robots to learn from only a handful of demonstrations.
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- Nov 19, 2020
- Upgraded radar can enable self-driving cars to see clearly no matter the weather
- A new kind of radar could make it possible for self-driving cars to navigate safely in bad weather. Electrical engineers developed a clever way to improve the imaging capability of existing radar sensors so that they accurately predict the shape and size of objects in the scene. The system worked well when tested at night and in foggy conditions.
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- Nov 19, 2020
- New electronic chip delivers smarter, light-powered AI
- New tech combines the core software needed to drive AI with image-capturing hardware - in one electronic chip. The light-driven prototype device imitates the way the human brain processes visual information. It's a significant advance towards the ultimate in electronics: a brain-on-a-chip that can learn from its environment just like humans do.
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- Nov 18, 2020
- Sensor experts invent supercool mini thermometer
- Researchers have invented a miniature thermometer with big potential applications such as monitoring the temperature of processor chips in superconductor-based quantum computers, which must stay cold to work properly.
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- Nov 18, 2020
- AI tool may predict movies' future ratings
- Researchers, armed with artificial intelligence tools, can rate a movie's content in a matter of seconds, based on the movie script and before a single scene is shot.
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- Nov 17, 2020
- Computer scientists launch counteroffensive against video game cheaters
- Computer scientists have devised a new weapon against video game players who cheat. The researchers developed their approach for detecting cheaters using the popular first-person shooter game Counter-Strike. But the mechanism can work for any massively multiplayer online (MMO) game that sends data traffic to a central server.
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- Nov 17, 2020
- Quantum algorithm breakthrough
- Physicists report the development of a quantum algorithm with the potential to study a class of many-electron quantums system using quantum computers
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